walker



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. F. W. WALKER. MANUFACTURE 0E WASHERS, RINGS, &c. No. 585,141.

Patented June 22,1897.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK l/VILLIAM WVALKER, OF LEEDS, ENGLAND.

MANUFACTURE OF WASHERS, RINGS, 80C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 585,141, dated June 22, 1897. Application filed February 13 1897. Serial No. 628 ,280. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK WILLIAM WALKER, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Hunslet, Leeds, in the county of York, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Washers, Rings, Tires, and Hoops of Steel or other Metal, of which the following is a specification.

I take a cylindrical ingot or forged bloom and place it within a die. The die is open at the ends and it fits closely around the ingot or bloom excepting at the upper end, where the mouth of the die is enlarged to the form of the washer, ring, tire, or hoop which I desire to produce. Then by pressure with suitable tools I spread the end of the ingot or bloom to completely fill the enlargement of the die, and finally I bring a punch to bear upon the ingot or bloom and so I force it back in the die, shearing off the ring at the same time, and this remains in the mouth of the die. The ingot or bloom is left of its original form, but shortened by the removal of the ring. The operation can be repeated again and again, the ingot or bloom being reheated when necessary.

The power required toperform the above- :mentioned operations may be applied by hy-.

draulic rams.

Figure 1 of the annexed drawings shows a plan partly in section of a machine suitable to be employed in carrying out my invention. Figs. 2 to 8 show tools which may be employed and successive stages of the manufacture.

a and a are two hydraulic cylinders very firmly connected together by tie-rods b b.

c and c are rams working in these cylinders.

d is the ingot or bloom to be operated upon. It is squeezed between two rams when water under high pressure is admitted to the cylinders a and a Suitable valves are provided, as is well understood, to control the entrance of the water into and its passage from the cylinders.

e e are small pistons connected with the cross-heads of the rams.

f f are cylinders in which these pistons work. Water under pressure is constantly supplied to the cylinders f and acting against the pistons it withdraws the rams when the outlet-valves from the main cylinders a a are open.

9 is the die, and g is the molding-recess in the mouth of the die. The molding-recess g may be of any desired form. That shown in the drawings is adapted to produce a plain ring, but flanged rings, as for tires, may be produced in like manner.

The operations are carried on in the following manner: The ingot or bloom, suitably heated at one end, is brought to the machine and by the ram 0 it is thrust into the die g until it rests against the face of the ram 0 leaving, however, sufficient metal projecting from the die to fill the molding-recess g. Then by means of a tool 72, (shown in Fig. 2) an end pressure is exerted on the ingot or bloom, which brings it approximately to the form shown in Fig. 3, the molding-recess g of the die being imperfectly filled and a projecting button or nose d being left upon the ingot. The next operation is illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5. The metal is flattened down into the molding-recess by means of a tool 6. This tool leaves the work as represented by Fig. 5. The next operation is to press upon the nose or button d, so as to drive it back into the ingot or bloom. A fiat tool lo, such as is shown in Fig. 6, is employed. By this pressure the nose is driven back into the hottest part of the ingot or bloom and the metal is caused to flow in such a way that the molding-cavity 9' becomes completely filled, and

the ingot or bloom is left as shown in Fig. 7.

The final operation is indicated by Fig. 8. The ram 0 is allowed to retire, while the ram 0, with the tool Z, advances. Thereby the ingot or bloom is driven back in the die and the ring in the moldingcavity is detached, the central hole being formed in it, as shown in Fig. 8. It will be observed that the ingot or bloom is now of its original form, its length only being somewhat decreased. By repeating the operation ring after ring may be made in like manner until but a short length of ingot or bloom remains.

Sometimes, especially when working ingots or blooms of large diameter, I commence with a tool such as is shown at m in Fig. 2 in place of the tool it indicated in Fig. 2. I then obtain an annular ridge on the ingot or bloom,

the metal in which is near to the moldingcavity, which it has finally to fill.

Among the advantages which this method of manufacture presents is that work is put upon the metal in the direction of the axis of the ring, where it most needs it.

Vaste is reduced to a minimum, ring after ring being made in the manner described so long as suificient metal remains. The rings are sure to be sound, for the piece finally rejected is that which originally lay around the axis of the ingot, in which part only unsoundness is liable to exist.

Polygonal rings suitable for heavy nuts may be produced by my invention, also rings with flanges.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of mysaidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. The herein-described method of making washers, rings, tires, and hoops of steel or other metal consisting in placing an ingot or bloom in a die, then spreading its end into and causing it to fill a molding-cavity around the mouth of the die and afterward forcing back the ingot or bloom so detaching the ring and punching out the central hole.

2. The herein-described method of making washers, rings, tires, and hoops consisting in placing an ingot or bloom in a die, then by pressure applied to the end of the ingot or bloom around its edges spreading and pressing the metal into a molding-cavity around the mouth of the die, while leaving a nose or projection on the end of the ingot or bloom, then completely filling the molding-cavity by forcing in the nose or projection and finally detaching the ring by forcing back the ingot 01' bloom into the die.

FREDERICK WILLIAM WALKER.

Witnesses:

WILFRED CARPINAEL, FRED C. HARRIS. 

